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Title
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CM T2.M
Cybernetica Mesopotamica
Texts, Corpus 2, Morphological Analysis
General Editor: G. Buccellati
Joseph M. Pagan
EBLA ELECTRONIC CORPUS: ONOMASTIC DATA BASE
Giorgio Buccellati
INTRODUCTION AND INDICES
Generation 1 -- July 1998
Copyright 1998 Undena Publications, Malibu
Under the auspices of Università di Roma, La Sapienza and
IIMAS -- The International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies
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2
Preface
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G. Buccellati -- June 1998
This disk is a companion to the work by J. M. Pagan published as volume 3 of ARES (Archivi reali di Ebla, Studi). It contains the two major sets of data utilized in the volume: Names and Elements, the latter being divided into a Graphemic and a Morphemic section. The structure of the data bases, and the codes used, are briefly explained in Appendix A of the volume. The same explanation is provided here, in the appropriate files of this introduction, in a different format.
The nature, function and goals of the data bases can best be understood within the larger framework of the system Cybernetica Mesopotamica, of which I have given preliminary notices and overviews in the following publications, for what pertains to the textual (as different from the archaeological) component:
| 1979 |
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``Comparative Graphemic Analysis of Old Babylonian and Western Akkadian,'' Schaeffer Festschrift = Ugarit-Forschungen 11, Neukirchen, pp. 89-100. |
| 1982 |
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``Studies in Ebla Graphemics, 1,'' Studi Eblaiti 5, 39-74. |
| 1984 |
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``Introduction,'' in C. Saporetti, Graphemic Categorization, 2: The Middle Assyrian Laws, pp. 1-20. |
| 1990 |
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``Cybernetica Mesopotamica,'' in E. M. Cook (ed.), Sopher Mahir: Studies Segert, (= Maarav, 5-6), pp. 23-32. |
| 1990 |
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``The Ebla Electronic Corpus: Graphemic Analysis,'' in Actes du Colloque International de l'Histoire et l'Arch‚ologie de la Mohafazat d'Idlib = AAAS 40, 8-26 |
| 1992 |
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``The Ebla Electronic Corpus: Onomastic Analysis,'' in Eblaitica, Vol. 3, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 107-128. |
| 1996 |
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A Structural Grammar of Babylonian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 0.2 n.2; 16.5; 17.6 n.3; 22.5; 29.3 |
Beyond these preliminary publications, a thorough presentation of the system is in preparation. There, one will find a complete description of how a fuller utilization may be obtained of the data published here.
As it stands, the value of the present electronic edition can be assessed on the basis of three main considerations.
In the first place, the data presented here are not available as such in the volume. Hence one will find in the files in Section Two the data on which the conclusions in the book are based. Even in such a simple sequential format, the electronic medium provides a fuller documentation than it would be economically feasible to publish in book format.
The second advantage is that the data can be read with any standard word processor, and may thus be utilized with the features that are common in such programs, such as printing as searching.
Thirdly, a few sample indices have been produced which enhance the utilization of the systematic analysis generated by the author. These indices are created by programs that will be made available in due course, and which may be utilized to search for correlations and distributional patterns among any number of individual categories identified in the analysis. This will of course be the most powerful utilization of the data. (For a sample of this see my 1992 article cited above).
Given the rigorous definition of fields, and the very generalized format of the data, it is possible to write programs of analysis that will ever more fully exploit the data, above and beyond what is already envisaged in the pro- grams that produce our own type of indices and correlations.
By "generalized format of the data" I refer to the choice of lower ASCII characters and combinations of characters to render both special graphemic symbols (e.g. s^ for shin) and codes, and the choice of a delimited text stream to identify fields (rather than opting for any given data base management system). Through special programs (also to be made available in the future in the publication announced above) one can switch from this generalized format to others suited either for printing in conventional format through standard word processors, or for manipulation through standard data base management systems.
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3
Codes:
graphemic
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GRAPHEMIC CODES USED IN DATA BASES
G. Buccellati - June 1998
| = division at morpheme boundary
=+ = phonetic complement in initial position
+= = phonetic complement in final position
=- = determinative at the beginning of a word
-= = determinative at the end of a word
! = emended reading
<> = added sign
<<>> = deleted sign
˙7E = scribal erasure
\ = sign written above another sign
+ = ligature
x = sign with an inscribed sign
X = broken unidentified sign
long vowels: a: e: i: u:
emphatics: d. t. s. z.
interdentals: d^ t^
aleph: '
ayin: `
shin: s^
pharyngeal/laryngeal/palatal fricatives: h h. h^
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4
Codes:
names
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CODES USED IN NAMES DATA BASE
G. Buccellati - June 1998
Name Structure:
a afformative
dn divine name
gn geographic name
h hypocoristic element
i invariable
n noun
p pronoun
rn river name
? unknown.
Entries in this field are separated by hyphen, and are cumulative.
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5
Codes:
elements
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CODES USED IN ELEMENT DATA BASE
G. Buccellati - June 1998
=============================================================
BLOCK 1: LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION AND PART OF SPEECH
STUCTURE: fixed sequence (e.g., sv3 = Semitic, verb, final weak root)
1 LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION
------------------------
a Anatolian
g Egyptian
h Hurrian
s Semitic
S Sumerian
w West Semitic
? unknown
2 PART OF SPEECH
----------------
h hypocoristic suffix
i invariable
n noun
p pronoun
v verb
3a VERBAL ROOT
--------------
* strong triradical root
1 initial weak root
2 middle weak root
3 final weak root
4 double weak root
5 strong quadriradical
6 weak quadriradical
f foreign element
g geminate root
3b UNMOTIVATED NOUN
------------------
l loanword
p primary noun
u unknown
=============================================================
BLOCK 2: ROOT OR BASE
STRUCTURE:
root: two sequences separated by space (e.g., 'mr u/a)
base: single sequence (e.g., 'ab)
no special code
for roots, first sequence is the consonantal root,
and the second sequence the root vowel
=============================================================
BLOCK 3: INTERNAL INFLECTION
STRUCTURE: up to two sequences, separated by space
a VERBAL FORM
1 STEM 2 PRIMARY MOODS/TENSES
------ ----------------------
b Basic 1 imperative
bh Basic, h causative 2 preterite
bt Basic t 3 perfect (East Semitic)
btn Basic tn 4 present-future
n N stem 5 perfect (West Semitic)
ntn Ntn stem 6 imperfect
d D stem w positive wish
dt Dt stem v vetitive
dtn Dtn stem p prohibitive
s Shin stem
st Shin t stem
stn Shin tn stem
r R stem
b NOUN
1 CONSONANTAL PATTERN/SHAPE 2 VOCALISM
--------------------------- ----------
0 pV (actual vowels
1 pV: of pattern or shape)
2 pVpV
3 pVr
4 pV:s
5 pVrr
6 pVrs
7 pVrVs
8 pVrV:
9 pV:rVs
10 pVrV:s
11 pV:rV:s
12 pVrrVs
13 pVrrV:
14 pVrrV:s
15 pVrVrV:s
16 pVrVss
17 pVrsV:s
18 pVrVssV:s
19 pVrVssV'
20 pVrrVsVss
21 'VprVs
22 'VnprVs
23 mVprVs
24 mV:rVs
25 mVprV:s
26 mVrrVs
27 nVprVs
28 nV:rVs
29 nVprV:s
30 pVtrVs
31 pVtrV:s
32 rVs
33 rV:
34 s^VprVs
35 s^VprV:s
36 tVprVs
37 tVprV:s
38 pVrpVr
39 pVrpVrr
40 rVrrVs
41 rVsrVs
42 pVrs^Vd
43 pVrs^d
44 pVrs^V:
45 pVrVs^Vd
46 pVrrVs^V:d
47 pVrs^VdVdd
48 'VprVs^V:d
c PRONOUNS
-----------
a anaphoric
d determinative
f indefinite
g interrogative
i personal independent
p possessive
r relative
s personal suffix
d INVARIABLES
-------------
a adverb
e enclitic
i interjection
l particle
x preposition
=============================================================
BLOCK 4: EXTERNAL INFLECTION
STRUCTURE: up to three sequences, separated by space
a VERB
1 SECONDARY MOODS 2 PERSON 3 NUMBER AND GENDER
------------------ -------- -------------------
e energic 1 first person c collective
i indicative 2 second person d dual
s subjunctive 3 third person p plural
v ventive s singular
c common
f feminine
m masculine
b NOUN
1 STATE 2 NUMBER AND GENDER 3 CASE
------- ------------------- ------
a absolute c collective a accusative
c construct d dual d dative
e emphatic state p plural g genitive
m normal w/ mimation s singular l locative
n normal w/o mimation c common n nominative
p predicative f feminine t terminative
m masculine + compound
c INVARIABLES: NOTIONAL
-----------------------
# pertinence
* existence
+ posteriority
- comparative
a ablative
b contrastive
c company
d dative
e emphatic
f function
i instrumental
l limitation
m manner
n negation
o isolative
p locative
r reflexive
s possessive
t temporal
u anteriority
v advantage
w contemporaneity
x exceptive
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